Splendid Cosmos

Sunday, 18 November 2012

Pufferfish second most poisonous vertebrates in the world

Pufferfish are usually thought to be the second most poisonous vertebrates in the world, after the golden poison frog. Certain internal organs, such as liver, and sometimes the skin, are extremely toxic to most animals when eaten; however, the meat of some species is considered a delicacy in Japan called as fugu, when prepared by chefs who be acquainted with which part is safe to eat and in what quantity. Pufferfish are poor swimmers, but can rapidly ingest huge amounts of water to turn them into a virtually inedible ball several times their normal size. Tetraodontidae is a family of primarily marine and estuarine fish of the order Tetraodontiformes. The family includes many common species, which are variously called pufferfish, puffers, balloonfish, blowfish, bubblefish, globefish, swellfish, toadfish, toadies, honey toads, sugar toads, and sea squab. They are morphologically alike to the closely related porcupinefish, which have large external spines contrasting the thinner, hidden spines of Tetraodontidae, which are only able to be seen when the fish has puffed up. The scientific name refers to the four large teeth, fused into an upper and lower plate, which are used for crushing the shells of crustaceans and mollusks, their natural prey.

Saturday, 17 November 2012

Lemon Benefits

Lemons are packed with plentiful health benefiting nutrients. The fruit is low in calories, only 29 calories per 100 gram, one of the lowest among citrus group. Lemon contains no saturated fats or cholesterol, but is wealthy in dietary fiber (7.36% of RDA). Its acidic taste is due to citric acid. Citricacid is present up to 8% in its juice. Citric acid is a natural preservative, aids, digestion. Most of studies found that citric acid plentiful to helping in dissolve kidney stones. Lemons, like other citrus fruits, are exceptional source of ascorbic acid and provide about 88% of DRI). Ascorbic acid or vitamin-C is a powerful water soluble natural anti-oxidant. This vitamin is helpful in preventing scurvy. Besides, consumption of foods rich in vitamin-C helps body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful, pro-inflammatory free radicals from the blood. Lemons like oranges contain a diversity of phytochemicals. Hesperetin and naringenin are flavonoid glycosides commonly found in citrus fruits.

Naringenin is found to have a bio-active effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory, and immune system modulator. This substance has also been shown to decrease oxidant injury to DNA in the cells in-vitro studies. And also contain diminutive level of vitamin A, and other flavonoid anti-oxidants such as α and ß-carotenes, beta-cryptoxanthin, zea-xanthin and lutein. These compounds are known to have antioxidant properties. Vitamin A also requisites for maintaining healthy mucus membranes and skin and is also essential for vision. Consumption of natural fruits rich in flavonoids helps body to protect from lung and oral cavity cancers. Total ORAC value, which measures the anti-oxidant strength of 100 g of fresh lemon juice, is 1225 µmol TE (Trolex equivalents).They also an excellent source of B-complex vitamins such as pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, and folates. These vitamins are vital in the sense that body has need of them from external sources to replenish. Lemons contain healthy amount of minerals, like iron, copper, potassium, and calcium. Potassium in a significant component of cell and body fluids assists control heart rate and blood pressure.

Tuesday, 28 August 2012

The world’s longest bus seats 256 people

Germany is rolling out a gigantic 98-foot-long form of public transportation. The city of Dresden, Germany will very soon be getting an extensive addition to its public transportation system that will only be identified as a train on wheels. Manufactured by Fraunhofer IVI and the Technical University Dresden, the three-section Autotram Extra Grand bus is 98 feet long that can carry 256 passengers, however doesn't need specific training for its driver. Considered to be as easily maneuverable as a commonly sized bus, the Autotram Extra Grand uses a computer system to aid its driver with turning. The system's most important objective is to make sure that the rear section of the bus specifically follows the front and middle sections constantly. Along with the advanced guidance system, the bus includes green technology in the form of a hybrid gas and electric engine that will take a trip five miles operating completely on battery power. The Autoram Added Grand would hit the streets of Dresden in October after completing safety testing outside of the city. Its manufacturers say that they've already got inquiries from other cities all over the world about getting their own versions of the bus, because it costs far less to put into operation and keep up than commuter rail systems, yet still carries an enormous amount of passengers.

iPad mini coming in October

The most popular holiday gift for 2012 won't come from a cabbage patch, but it won't desire you "tickle me." No, this year's well-liked gift may be the new iPad mini, which, according to AllThingsDigital, is going to be formally announced at an event this October. Depending on AllThingsDigital's several sources, Apple may have two major unveiling events this fall. One on September 12 for the iPhone 5, after which another in October to announce the iPad mini. The concept is that the iPad mini will likely be an enormous seller for Apple this holiday season the company doesn't need to drop two atomic bombs on the same day. It's been rumored that the modern iPad mini will have a 7.85-inch display, which makes it a lot more portable than the existing new iPad with Retina display. The smaller sized size means it is going to compete directly with a smaller class of affordable tablets that will contain a completely new iteration of Amazon's Kindle Fire. And although we don't be familiar with the price point of the new iPad mini yet , several apparently think that the machine will be priced around $249 or $299 to remain competitive with the incredibly popular $199 Nexus 7.

Arctic ice cap shrinks to new record low

Researchers are blaming global warming for a record ice melt. Although many people still refuse that humans are completely responsible for the Earth getting warmer, it's difficult to stay away from the truth that global temperatures are without a doubt raising. Simply take a glance at the Arctic Ocean, in which researchers state ice levels is going to be at their lowest modern levels ever within a week or two. Before this year, the record smallest dimensions the Arctic ice cap was 4.25 million square kilometers. Although the present ice cap isn't quite at those levels the last approximate was 5.09 million square kilometers levels still drop sharply by around 100,000 square kilometers per day. Ice levels will constantly drop through the end of the melting season that may be around two weeks from now. Or even if the ice melt ceased instantly, the present level would still mark the third lowest on record. Unluckily, Arctic ice melt is a vicious cycle. According to National Snow and Ice Data Center Director Mark Serrez, "the ice now is so dilute in the spring, just

Friday, 24 August 2012

Cleanliness is next to Godliness

Cleanliness is one of the good qualities. It is a part of our civilization. A man of dirty habits is far from civilization. So, with the progress of civilization man cleans himself more and more. He cleans his body. He cleans his mind and heart. He cleans all his action and manners. He cleans his soul. This will lead him to the highest form of civilization. But on the cleanliness of body, depend all other cleanings. Hence, cleanliness is considered so important.

The expression “Cleanliness is next to Godliness” also raises the question of what GODLINESS is. Presumably it is the situation of being Godley. Regardless of whether this is with Cream or not, it must mean “like (a) God”. A dubious virtue in itself, for various reasons, not least of which being that it would infer a person to be not averse to perpetrating upon people the type of cruel perils which insurance companies would like to insure people against

If we clean our bodies and limbs we will be free from many kinds of diseases. Clean food cooked in the clean pot and served in the clean dishes, will give us health and happiness. If we clean our bodies regularly, our complexion will be brighter. We will look fit and smart. If we wear clean dress our mind will be happy. Cleanliness gives us a cheerful mind. We are more interested to write on a clean book than on a dirty one. Hence, we write more and better. We like to read clean books. Hence, we read more and understand better. So, cleanliness brings us progress and improvement in all fields of activities and in all spheres of life. By cleanliness of body and limbs, cleanliness of all our articles of use, cleanliness of our dwellings and soul, we gradually move towards divinity. Hence, there is saying. “Cleanliness is next to Godliness”.

In order to keep ourselves neat and clean, we should properly take daily care of ourselves, of our articles of use, of our dwellings and surroundings and of our neighbourhood. We should clean our teeth and tongues two times a day in the morning and before going to bed. Besides, we should clean our mouth properly before and after each meal. We should wash our bodies two times a day with soap and water. We should clean our cloth and shirts with washing soap everyday at the time of bath. We should sweep our house off all dirt. We should remove the filth and rubbish into a pit, dug out at a distance for this purpose. We should clean our beddings and lay them exposed to sun and air. We should look to the proper drainage and sanitation work of our house and the surrounding. We should wash our house and furniture with soda and water once a week. We should advice our neighbours to be neat and clean. Because we cannot be perfectly clean, if our neighbours are dirty. We should wash our washrooms and urinals everyday with chemicals like phenyl. We should get our hair cut and our nails pared at proper intervals. These are some important points to keep ourselves neat and clean.

Cleanliness refers not only to the way we tend to our hygiene, but also to the care we take to maintain and cherish all aspects of our environments (inner and outer) within our control. Cleanliness is often a daily ritual in the house and soul of setting things to rights, whether they are dishes, tools, or conscience. It may refer to purging ourselves of the clutter and other impediments that prevent us from moving forward with our work and play. The act of being cleanly does not refer to being “spotless”, but to the art of moving through the day making choices that increase the well-being and functionality of ourselves and those around us. It is reported that the Prophet (PBUH) said:“Cleanse yourself, for Islam is cleanliness.”

Another sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is: “Cleanliness invites toward faith, and faith leads its possessor to the Garden.” The Prophet (PBUH) placed a great emphasis on keeping the body, clothing, houses, and streets clean, and he laid special stress on cleaning the teeth, hands, and hair. This emphasis on cleanliness is not to be wondered at in a religion which makes cleanliness the key to its principle form of worship, prayer, for the Muslim’s prayer is not acceptable unless his body, clothing, and the place where he performs his prayer are all clean. In addition to this requirement’ there are the obligatory types of cleansing, either of the entire body in the form of bathing, or of those parts of the body which are exposed to dirt, in the form of ablution for prayer. The desert environment of Arabia and the nomadic life of its people were not very conducive to cleanliness and refinement, and most of them neglected these aspects. The Prophet (PBUH), with his lively instruction and to-the-point admonition, gradually led them out of their uncouth habits and taught them refinement and civil manners. Once upon a time, a man approached Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with his hair and beard disheveled. The Prophet (PBUH) made some gestures as if asking the man to comb his hair. He did so, and when he returned the Prophet (PBUH) said to him, “Is not this better than that one should come with disheveled hair, looking like a devil?” On another occasion Prophet (PBUH) saw a man with bold hair and remarked, “Does he have nothing with which to comb his hair?” Upon seeing another man with dirty clothes he remarked, “Cannot he find anything with which to wash his clothes?”

A man came to Prophet (PBUH) wearing cheap-looking garments. “Do you have property?” Prophet (PBUH) asked him. “Yes,” the man replied. “What kind of property?” asked the Prophet (PBUH). “Allah has given me all kinds of wealth,” he said. The Prophet (PBUH) then said to him, “Since Allah has given you wealth, let Him see the effects of His favor and bounty upon you.” The Prophet insisted that people come to general gatherings, such as the Friday and the ‘Eid prayers, nicely dressed and well-groomed. He said, “if you can afford it, it is befitting that you wear garments other than your working clothes to Friday prayer.”

The attention to hygiene is another aspect of Civilized Manner, which is an unknown concern in any other religion or philosophy before Islam. Cleanliness became an essential part of the rites and worship to such extent that it is an inseparable part of the Muslim’s life. The five daily Prayers are obligatory upon every Muslim, men and women. This Prayer is actually pledge to meet Allah, the Exalted, from the rising of the dawn until the disappearance of the twilight at evening. It is, in fact a spiritual shower washing away sin five times a day. In this respect Allah says: “And establish regular Prayers at the two ends of the day and when the night approaches, surely the good deeds blot out the evil deeds.” This Islamic Prayer has uniqueness unlike the Prayer in other religions in that physical purification is a necessary condition. If Prayer is the key to Paradise then, likewise purification is the key to Prayer. The Prophet (PBUH) said: “Allah does not accept Prayers without purification.” This purification and cleanliness are of two kinds: purification from impurities and purification from the excretions of the penis, vagina or anus. Purification from impurities purifies the body, the clothes and the place in which one prays from any impurities such as the stains of the blood, dead animals and pigs, and the vomiting, urine or excrement of human beings and animals. The other kind of purification does not mean cleanliness from something palpable. But rather purifying the inner of one ’s self because it is an order from Allah.

A Muslim is obliged to make ablution if exposed to minor impurities. This means he must wash the areas of the body which are ordinarily exposed to dust and dirt and he should have a bath after menstruation and sexual intercourse. Moreover, these acts of purification are connected to recurrent natural stimuli which one must blot out through purification. It is also preferable, in Islam, for the Muslim to be eager to clean his body regularly, particularly when he meets his fellow Muslims in the congregational Prayers.

Bathing is also an act in which it is preferable to be performed before the Friday congregational Prayer as stated in the noble hadith. In other versions, the hadith goes to the extent of ordering one to perform bathing as part of the overall cleanliness and hygiene of the Muslim Society: “Bathing on Friday is obligatory (Wajib) on every adult!”

By adult, he means a sane human being who is of the age in which his deeds are held accountable before Allah. Another hadith obliges the Muslim to perform Bath at least once a week saying: “Every Muslim should bathe once every seven days where he should wash his head and alt of his body.” The Sunnah has directed attention in taking care of certain parts of the human body such as the mouth. The means of cleaning it was the Swak which is easily found and used in the Arab Peninsula. In this respect, the Prophet (PBUH) said: “The Swak is a purifying agent for the mouth and it is a way of seeking Allah’s Pleasure.” Concerning the hair, Abu Hurairah reported that the Prophet (PBUH) said: “Whoever has hair should care about it.” Thus the Prophet as the instructor taught the Muslims the importance of having a pleasant appearance which comes second in importance after the excellence of the inner self. Furthermore, he taught Muslims to wash their hands thrice on waking up before putting them in the water, saying, “For no one knows where his hands were during sleep.”

He also taught them to wash their hands after eating and particularly after eating meat. He went so far as to warn them against neglecting to wash their hands before sleep saying: “Whoever goes to sleep without washing his hands from the traces of fatty foods, exposes himself to illness and should blame no one but himself The Sunnah stressed the importance of cleanliness in the house saying: “You must clean your houses and do not follow in the footsteps of Jews”. Moreover, the Sunnah instructed Muslims to maintain the cleanliness of the roads by lifting any harmful objects found on it. This is considered a Sadqa and as a means to ridding the streets of impurities and filth.

Some Bedouin Arabs used to urinate on the roads or in the shade. The Prophet (PBUH) strictly warned them against it and considered it one of the reasons to provoke Allah’s curse and the people’s curse saying: “Beware of those acts which cause others to curse you: relieving yourselves in a watering place, on foot paths or shaded places.” They asked, “What are those acts?” The Prophet (PBUH) said: “Relieving oneself in the people’s walkways or in their shade” .This instructions in conjunction with the others were the first attempts, known in the history of mankind, to link human beings with the protection of the environment from harm in the name of religion.

This is due to several considerations in the Sunnah as well as the Qur’an. First, cleanliness is one of the qualities which Allah, the Exalted, loves. He says: “Surely God loves those who repent and He loves those who are always pure.” He also praised the people of Qaba’ and their love of cleanliness, saying, “A mosque which was founded upon piety from the very first day is more worthy be stood in. In it is men who love to purify themselves, and God loves those who purify themselves.” Purification or cleanliness is considered an inseparable part of faith to the extent that some Muslims mistook the saying: “Cleanliness is a sign of faith” as a hadith. The actual authentic hadith in this respect says: “Purification is half of faith” Purification includes both moral purification and physical purification. Moral Purification, where one is free from polytheism, hypocrisy and ill manners, and physical purification, means private and public cleanliness. Second, cleanliness is the pathway to health and strength. Islam aspires health and strength of Muslims, preparing them to confront and overcome different circumstances and as ammunition for the Muslim group. The strong believer is better and Allah loves him more than the weak believer. The Muslim is entrusted with his body thus; he must not neglect it until it becomes plagued with disease for the Prophet (PBUH) said: “Your body has a right on you.” Third, cleanliness is a prerequisite to beautification or appearing in the way most loved by Allah and His Prophet. It is reported that the Prophet (PBUH) said: “Allah is Beautiful and He loves beauty.” After the Prophet (PBUH) said: “If one has an atom’s weight of arrogant pride in his he! he will not enter Paradise.” On hearing the Prophet’s words, a man said: “I like to wear elegant clothes and shoes or he said one likes to wear elegant clothes and shoes.” The Prophet commented, “Allah is beautiful and he loves beauty, arrogant pride means the denial of the truth and despising people.” Allah, the Exalted says: “O children of Adam, adorn yourselves fully at every time of prayer.” And says: “Who had forbidden the ornament of God which He brought forth for His servants and who has forbidden the good things which he has provided?” Hence, `the Prophet forbade men going to the mosque in the clothes worn at work. Al-Hassan used to adorn himself wearing musk and his best garments on going to the mosque. When asked about this, he explained: “I beautify myself for Allah’s Sake.” Then he recited, “Adorn yourselves fully at every time of Prayer.”

Lastly, cleanliness and pleasant appearance are of characteristics which allow relationships to strengthen amongst people. The sane human being will try to avoid people who are unkempt. Hence, the Prophet emphasized the importance of bathing on Friday. Similarly, there is a prohibition on eating garlic, onion, leek and food like it, before going to the mosque in order not to disturb others from the strong odor. If one insists on eating them, then he is not permitted to enter the mosque and is deprived of the congregational Prayer. Prophet (PBUH) said: “Whoever has eaten garlic, should not approach our mosque and stay at home.” And Al-Mughirah reported; “Whoever has eaten from this malignant tree, should not approach our mosque until its smell completely vanishes.” On reading the hadith, one becomes acquainted with the bad habits which prevailed amongst them, such as urinating in running and stagnant water as well as in walkways and shaded places. In this respect, the Prophet (PBUH) said:“None of you should urinate in still water and then perform bath in it.” Another saying is:“None of you should urinate in stagnant water and then make ablution in it “.

As for the Christian monks, they renounced personal hygiene as part and parcel of the world which they had rid themselves of. This world included marriage, eating the best food and similar pleasures. All the other religions and philosophies are based upon the belief that the human body is an evil entity which should be deprived of all the good things in life including cleanliness and ornaments.

It is really a matter of sorrow that most of our students are dirty. It is very sorrowful when we think that they keep dirty. Though they read science and hygiene. To make our country men neat and clean we should put ideals in the public institutions. So, our students should learn to keep themselves clean regularly.